施肥方式对冬小麦田土壤水分变化规律的影响

Effects of Fertilization Methods on Soil Moisture Variation of Winter Wheat Fields

在平凉市崇信县柏树乡信家庄村进行了不同施肥方式对冬小田土壤含水量的影响试验,结果表明,不同施肥方式下,在冬小麦苗期、拔节期、抽穗期和开花期,土壤含水量均表现为随土层深度增加而增加,冬小麦生长所需水分主要集中在0~60 cm土层;在冬小麦成熟期,土壤含水量随土层深度增加逐渐减少。其中施有机肥75 000 kg/hm^2处理、施玉米秸秆75 000 kg/hm^2处理、施N 75 kg/hm^2+P_2O_5 150 kg/hm^2处理、施有机肥75 000 kg/hm^2+N 75 kg/hm^2+P_2O_5 150 kg/hm^2处理均较不施肥处理(CK)及单施N 75 kg/hm^2处理保水作用明显。说明施有机肥、施秸秆肥、氮磷肥配施以及有机肥和氮磷肥配施4个处理不但能够有效保持作物整个生育期土壤水分含水量,而且可以显著提高作物对土壤深层水分的利用水平。

The test of the effects of the different fertilization modes on the soil moisture variation of winter-wheat fields are completed in Xinjiazhuang village, baishu Township, Chongxin county of Pingliang city. The result shows that by the different fertilization modes, all the soil moisture are increased with increasing soil depth on the stage of seedling, jointing, heading and flowering of the winter-wheat, and also shows that the needed water of wheat growth are mostly centralized form 0 - 60 cm soil layers. And the soil moisture is decreased with increasing soil depth on the mature stage. All the treatments of applying organic fertilizer 75 000 kg/hm2, corn stalk 75 000 kg/hm2, N 75 kg/hm2＋P205 150 kg/hm2, organic fertilizer 75 000 kg/hm2＋ N 75 kg/hm2＋P205 150 kg/hm2, had better water retention than the treatments of no fertilizer （CK） and single application of N 75 kg/hm2. And applying organic fertilizer, corn stalk, mixed with N and P, organic fertilizer and mixed with N and P had effectively maintained the soil moisture on the whole winter-wheat growth period, and significantly improved the utilization level of the deep soil water.