“君令臣忠”:《晏子春秋》君臣思想述论

Idea about Monarch and His Subjects in Yanzi's Spring and Autumn Annals: a Review

《晏子春秋》提出贤明的君主应修德正己、善于纳谏、不耻下问,还要"亲贤臣、远谗佞",对臣下和而有礼、赏罚有据、建立真情;同时,该书也主张大臣应修身正德、勇于进谏、善于解答君主所问,要努力做"社稷之臣",忠贞不二、以礼事君、言辞文雅、彰君之赐。《晏子春秋》还认为君臣之间只有"和而不同""君为心、臣为四支",彼此信任、相辅相成,才能更好地治国理民,它提倡大臣要"声名归之君,祸灾归之身"。这样的君臣思想具有许多开明意义,却也有其不可避免的历史局限性。

In Yanzi＇ s Spring and Autumn Annals, it was proposed that the emperor should cultivate the morali- ty, accept others＇ advices, feel not ashamed to learn from his subordinates. He should also associate with worthy officials and stay away from treacherous officials, and be harmonious and polite with the officials, reward and pun- ish based on the truth and establish the true sincerity. Meanwhile, it was also advocated that the ministers should cultivate the morality, be brave to put forward the advice, be good at answering the questions of the emperor, strive to be the important courtiers, stay loyal and polite for the emperor with elegant words, display emperor＇ s reward. Yanzi＇ s Spring and Autumn Annals also thought that the country and people could only be governed when the em- peror and officials were harmonious without uniformity, ＂emperor acts as the center and officials work as the four columns＂, both trusted each other, and complemented each other. It advocated that the officials should ＂own the reputation to the emperor and bear all sufferings＂. Such idea of monarch and subjects has many enlightening signif- icances, but it also has historic limitations inevitably.