理学话语背景下明中诗人对沈周诗歌的批评

Criticism of the Poets in the Mid Ming Dynasty on Shen Zhou Poems in the Context of Neo-Confucianism Discourse

明中期以李东阳为代表的一批诗人批评沈周诗歌,重在发掘其价值。他们总体认为沈周诗歌醇雅有则,平和清婉;穷物之妙,析理之切;率性自然,从容裕如;博学宏识,追踪古人。这几点实为他们拈出的诗歌批评标准,而且是在程朱理学中孕育出来。检视沈周诗歌,其中确有理学印痕,但绝非其全貌。他们之所以以此标准裁诗,既是明中期理学话语成为时代文化无意识心理结构使然,也是他们借机宣传诗学主张所致。

In the mid-Ming Dynasty,some poets represented by Li Dongyang evaluated and analyzed Shen Zhou's poems,aiming to discover their value. They generally believe that Shen Zhou's poems are elegant and peace; freshness and indirect; spontaneous and leisurely; erudite and pseudoarchaic. The criticism standards formulated by these poets are conceived in the context of Neo-Confucianism discourse. The Neo-Confucianism has become the collective unconsciousness in the Ming Dynasty,and these poets took the opportunity to advocate their views on poetry.