免疫层析法和被动凝集法检测肺炎支原体抗体的临床应用比较

Comparison of the clinical application of immunochromatographic method and passive agglutination method for testing mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody

目的对比评价肺炎支原体抗体免疫层析法和被动凝集法的临床应用。方法选择2015年1～6月来我院就诊疑似肺炎支原体感染的患者2884例，对其进行被动凝集法和免疫层析法两种方法的检测．评价分析结果。结果被动凝集法的总阳性35．0％（1009／2884），免疫层析法的总阳性率为29．3％（845／2884），总阳性率被动凝集法较免疫层析法高5．7％。结论被动凝集法敏感性高于免疫层析法。免疫层析法具有操作简便、快速等特点，但对有些免疫低下抗体产生不足时或接受免疫抑制治疗的患者，血清学抗体检测容易漏诊，造成假阴性结果。被动凝集法检测的抗体水平是各种亚型抗体的总和，不仅检测抗体滴度，还能判断是现症感染或是既往感染，为支原体肺炎的早期诊断、治疗提供重要的依据。

Objective To compare and evaluate the clinical application of immunochromatographic method and passive agglutination method for mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody. Methods A total of 2884 patients susceptible of the infec- tion of mycoplasma pneumoniae who were admitted to our hospital from January to June 2015 were selected. They were given the tests of passive agglutination method and immunochromatographic method, and the analysis results were eval- uated. Results The total positive rate of passive agglutination method was 35.0% （1009/2884）, and the total positive rate of immunochromatographic method was 29.3% （845/2884）. The total positive rate of passive agglutination method was 5.7% higher than that of immunochromatographic method. Conclusion The sensitivity of passive agglutination method was higher than immunochromatographic method. The immunochromatographic method has the features of convenient and rapid operation, but the serological antibody test is likely to cause missed diagnosis for patients with low immunity and insufficient antibody production or patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy, so that false negative results may occur. The antibody level tested by passive agglutination method is the sum of various sub-antibody, which not only tests antibody titer, but it is also able to judge current infection or previous infection, providing important basis for early diagnosis and treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia.