长期空间站驻留后航天员返回地面时着陆冲击耐力分析

Analysis of Astronaut's Tolerance to Landing Impact after Long-term Inhabitation in Space Station

在长期空间站驻留期间,人体生理机能会发生一系列的改变,机体最终会适应这种失重环境。但是流体静压消失使机体的有效循环血量减少,并且心血管系统处于一种低动力状态,重力消失导致的骨丢失和肌肉萎缩将持续进行。在航天任务结束后返回地面的过程中,航天员会再次受到着陆冲击过载的作用,此时机体尚未完成对重力的再适应过程,因此其耐受性会比航天飞行前有所降低。但到目前为止,其降低的程度还不完全清楚。本文在总结飞船着陆冲击特点的基础上,综合分析人体着陆冲击耐力及其影响因素,以及长期空间站驻留机体的变化对着陆冲击耐力的影响,并借鉴NASA3001标准,分析了长期空间站驻留后航天员着陆冲击耐力下降的程度。

A series of changes in human physiological functions occurred during long-term inhabitation in the space station, and the human body could ultimately adapt to the weightlessness environment. However, the fluid shift and disappearance of the liquid static pressure of human body resulted in the reduction of the circu- lation blood volume, and made the cardiovascular system in a lower dynamic state. Bone density and architec- ture and muscle mass and strength were also altered and sustained worsening. Astronauts would be exposed to the landing impact again upon their return from the space station. Their tolerance to landing impact could de- crease as compared with before spaceflight because their bodies were not re-adapted to the earth gravity. Up to now, the degree of decrease in human tolerance to landing impact has not been completely known. On the ba- sis of analysis of the spacecraft landing properties, this paper reviewed the human landing impact tolerance and related influence factors, and summarized the effects of long-term inhabitation in the space station on the hu- man tolerance to landing impact. Finally, the decrease degree of human tolerance to landing impact was ana- lyzed after long-term inhabitation in the space station with the reference of NASA 3001.