VP6型水稻插秧机作业质量试验研究

Experimental study on work quality of VP6rice transplanter

为进一步提高水稻插秧机的作业质量,加强农机与农艺相结合,根据GBT6243—2003《水稻插秧机试验方法》和GB/T20864—2007《水稻插秧机技术条件》及当地农业技术要求,在辽宁省辽中县六间房乡淮海农场对洋马VP6型水稻插秧机的作业质量进行检测与分析。在对秧苗和水田作业条件检测分析的基础上,测试分析该机的主要工作性能,并提出改用秧苗轴线与水平面的夹角与90°之比表示秧苗直立度的方法。结果表明,每穴株数合格率为80.0%,每穴株数相对合格率为90.9%,穴距变异系数为4.38%,秧苗直立度合格率为86.0%,伤秧率为5.07%,漏插率为2.0%,这些主要工作性能指标符合当地农业技术要求;但插秧深度偏大（34.0mm）,变异系数较大（27.5%）,且漂秧率偏高（5.64%）。为此建议提高农艺水平,按照机插秧的技术要求培育秧苗,保证秧苗盘根充分且有合适的株高;在保证地表平整的同时,注意耕深一致、沟底平整;泡田用水和沉淀时间要适当,保持地表水层深度在0-30mm条件下插秧。研究成果将为水稻插秧机推广应用和人员技术培训提供参考依据。

Transplanting performance of Yanmar VP6 rice transplanter was tested at Huaihai farm,Liujianfang Village,Liaozhong County,Liaoning Province based on GBT6243—2003＂Test of Rice Transplanter＂and GB/T20864—2007＂Technical Specification of Rice Transplanter＂and local agricultural technical requirement to improve the transplanting quality,efficiency and match agricultural machinery with agronomy.The seedlings and conditions of the paddy field were tested as well.And the ratio of angle between seedling and horizontal line to 90°is suggested to be employed in evaluating the pose of transplanted seedlings.The test results showed that the qualified rate of number of seedlings per hill was 80%,the relative qualified rate was 90.9%,the variation coefficient of hill space was 4.38%,qualified rate of pose of transplanted seedling was 86%,seedling damage rate was 5.07%,and rate of missing hill was 2.0%.These parameters can meet local agricultural requirements of transplanting.The transplanting depth was a little bit larger（34.0mm）,and the variation coefficient was larger as well（27.5%）,seedling floated rate was higher（5.64%）.Suggestions are given to improve transplanting quality that raising seedlings following technical requirement of mechanical transplanting to ensure sufficient root and suitable height of seedling;during tillage and cultivation,ensuring level surface as well as level cultivation depth and hardpan of the soil;ensuring suitable flooding and settle time and transplanting at the water depth of 0-30mm.The study may provide reference for extension and application of rice transplanter and training of operators.