论人格权独立成编的技术障碍

Technical Barriers of the Personality Right As an Independent Part

如果人格权在民法典分则中独立成编,则意味着与物权、债权和身份权并列规定的人格权具有民事权利的性质,由此,人格权的独立成编必须克服两个立法技术上的障碍:一是人格权的民法保护难以覆盖人们在民事领域之外的社会生活领域中依法享有的人格权利;二是在侵权责任法独立成编的体制之下,人格权编将因为人格权的法定性、防御性而严重缺乏行为规范(裁判规范)的具体内容。中国法学会民法研究会提出的《人格权法编专家建议稿(征求意见稿)》未能克服前述障碍,其"一般条款"未能将人格权的民法保护扩张于民事领域之外,其具有的106个条文(不包括"附则")中,有86个条文属于"不合格"条文而应予剔除。由此表明,人格权之独立成编不具有立法上的科学性和可行性。

If the right of personality is regulated as an independent part in the specific provisions of the civil code, which means that the fight of personality has the nature of civil rights like the real right, the creditor＇ s right and the status right, two legislative technical barriers need to overcome： the first one is that the personality right in the civil code can not cover the personality right in the field of social life outside of the civil field ; the second one is that in the background of the system of tort liability law as an independent part, the personality fight part will lack concrete contents of conduct standards （ norms of decision） because of its legality and defensiveness. ＂The Expert Proposal on the Personality Right Law Part （ Exposure Drafts）＂ put forward by the China Civil Law Research Associ- ation does not overcome the two barriers, whose ＂General Provisions＂ with 106 provisions in all （not including ＂Supplementary Provisions＂ ） fails to extend the protection field of personality fight to the outside field of the civil law and in which there are 86 provisions that are unqualified and should be removed. Therefore, arranging the personality fight as an independent part is unfeasible in legislation.