论行政决策合法性审查的制度构建

On the System Construction of the Legitimacy Review of Administrative Decision-making

十八届四中全会《决定》确立了行政决策合法性审查制度,该制度具有什么样的制度属性、如何进行具体的构建等一系列问题在我国目前统一的行政程序法尚未出台的情况下,行政法治实践是比较难以操作的。基于此,从理论上对相关问题予以探讨还是非常必要的。行政决策合法性审查的制度设计既不同于一般具体行政行为和抽象行政行为的合法性审查,更不同于《行政诉讼法》所确立的合法性审查制度,它是一种相对独立和相对超越的行政法制度,既具有正式性,同时又具有行政性的特点,它是由特定的行政主体在行政法治的范畴内进行的。它既是行政程序的构成部分,也是行政决策法律制度的构成部分。该制度随着我国行政法治的不断完善,必须由目前的概括规定变成一个实实在在的法律制度,从目前的行政法治理念变成实实在在的行政程序制度,从目前对行政行为的导向变为对决策行政行为的约束。

The system of the legitimacy review of administrative decision-making had been set up in the fourth plenary session of the 18th Communist Party of China （CPC） Central Committee. In the case that Unified Administrative Procedure Law has not yet been set forth at present, the said system is difficult to operate in practice. There are series of problems such as the system attribute or specific construction. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss relative problems in theory. The system of the legitimacy review of administrative legitimacy review of specific administrative acts and abstract acts and from the ministrative Procedural Law. The said system with characters of formality and decision-making is different from the legitimacy review established by Adadministration is the relatively independent and transcendent system of the administrative law. The said system is carried out by specific administrative subjects in the scope of the rule of administrative law. It is the component of both administrative procedures and legal systems of administrative decision-making. With the constant improvement of China＇s administrative law, the system of the legitimacy review of administrative decision-making must change from current general rules to tangible legal systems, from current ideals of administrative law to genuine administrative procedures and from the direction to the restraint of administrative decision-making acts.