晚清革命书写中的烈女想象

Women Heroines' Images in the Revolutionary Writings of Late Qing

政治话语一直在努力"收编"殉夫殉国的传统女性,不断赋予女性的民族气节与道德神圣以伦理意义;同时,拥有文化资本的精英也擅长在意识形态的框架内进一步勘定殉死的道德边界和政治正确性,两者的合力使得传统的妇德观在儒家文化的整体格局中占据了一席之地。在特定语境中,女子与牺牲常常处于可以互相置换的同质地位。从"烈女"到"烈士"的文本重构,既是审美文化长期积蓄的"死节情怀"的凸显,也体现了革命话语对女性生命主体性的过渡性和替代性定位。

Political discourse had endeavored continuously to establish the ethical importance of women＇s patriotic sentiment and moral divinity based on the collected stories of traditional women who sacrificed lives for their husbands and country. At the same time, those elites, who had cultural capital and were good at fixing moral benchmarks of sacrifice and martyrdom within ideological frameworks and the political correctness, had used the combination of morality and politics to firmly establish traditional women＇s moral perspective a part of Confucius culture. In a specific discourse, women and sacrifice were often interchangeable. The reconstruction of contents from ＂women heroines＂ to ＂martyrs＂ not only exposed the long standing esthetic obsession with portrait of ＂death related emotions＂ but also provided an illustration of women＇s lives in revolutionary writings, that were transitional and replaceable.