寨卡病毒和寨卡病毒病

Zika Virus and Zika Viral Disease

寨卡病毒自1947年首次在乌干达被发现以来,已经在非洲、东南亚和美洲等地造成多次暴发流行,且在中国已有输入性寨卡病毒感染病例的报道。寨卡病毒为黄病毒科黄病毒属,存在非洲型和亚洲型两个亚型。寨卡病毒主要依赖感染病毒的伊蚊类蚊媒叮咬传播,也可通过母婴传播以及血液和性传播。寨卡病毒感染人体后经血播散并可跨越血脑屏障进入中枢神经系统,患者一般临床症状较轻,但有可能出现格林巴利综合症,婴儿小头畸形也与寨卡病毒感染孕妇有关。寨卡病毒的实验室诊断主要包括核酸检测、血清学检测和病毒分离。目前尚无有效疫苗预防寨卡病毒感染,主要预防措施包括防蚊控蚊和提高个人防护意识,并在重点地区加强病例监测。

Since Zika virus（ZIKV）has firstly been isolated in 1947,Uganda,outbreaks of Zika fever have been reported in many areas such as in Africa,Southeast Asia and America.Imported cases in China also have been reported.Zika virus belongs to the family Flaviviridae,genus Flavivirus,and include Africa subtype and Asia subtype.It is a mosquito-borne virus primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.Sexual transmission,Blood transmission and mother-to-fetus transmission were also reported.Zika virus can go though blood-brain barrier and infect central nervous system.Symptoms are generally mild and selflimited,but recent evidence suggests a possible association between maternal Zika virus infection and adverse fetal outcomes,such as congenital microcephaly,as well as a possible association with Guillain-Barrésyndrome.Laboratorial Diagnosis includes nucleic acid detection,Serological test,and isolation of virus.Currently,no vaccine or medication exists to prevent or treat Zika virus infection.Preventive measures against Zika virus infection should be taken through prevention of mosquito bites and surveillance in epidemic area.