调制过程中不同温湿度条件对海南雪茄茄衣烟叶质量的影响

Effects of Temperature and Humidity on Cigar- Wrapper Tobacco Quality in Hainan Province during Curing

雪茄茄衣烟叶采摘之后需进行调制处理,通过对其不同调制阶段温湿度的控制,使得烟叶大分子物质得到初步降解,叶片颜色均匀,油分和弹性增强,同时也使烟叶达到适合进行发酵状态。本研究通过控制雪茄茄衣烟叶调制过程中的温湿度,探究其调制过程中各成分的动态变化,以确定各阶段的最适宜温湿度,提高雪茄茄衣品质。结果表明:调制过程中,烟叶总糖呈下降趋势,T1和T2处理下降速度高于T3,但调制结束后总糖含量差异不明显;总氮调制后期下降速度高于调制前期,调制结束后总氮含量T3>T2>T1;烟碱含量变化呈单峰变化趋势,6 d时达到峰值,3个处理对烟叶烟碱含量影响差别不大;烟叶钾氯比呈下降趋势,结束时T3>T2>T1,T3、T2接近,与T1差距较大;烟叶质体色素含量的下降速度为T1>T2>T3,高温能够加快色素的降解;不同处理间叶质重、厚度和拉力比较表现为T2>T3>T1;而含梗率T1最大,T3次之,T2最小。综合看,T2处理的烟叶工业可用性最好,T1最差;T2处理下烟叶较好。

The picked cigar- wrapper leaves need curing to make the macromolecular material prelimi- nary degrade, the color uniform, the oil and elasticity increase by controlling temperature and humidity at dif- ferent stages. Besides, curing also made leaves suitable for fermentation. In order to screen out the optimum temperature and humidity for high quality of cigar wrapper, different temperatures and humidities were de- signed for different stages, and the dynamic change of every component was studied in this paper. The results showed that the total sugar declined during the curing process, and that of T1 and T2 treatments declined fas- ter compared with T3 treatment. But there were no obvious differences between different treatments after modu- lation. The content of total nitrogen declined faster at latter stage, and it was sequenced as T3 〉 T2 〉 T1 after modulation. The nicotine content demonstrated a single -peak changing tendency, and reached the peak after six days. There was no significant differences between the three treatments in nicotine content. The ratio of po- tassium to chlorine was on the decline, and that of T3 treatment was the highest, followed by 3＂2 treatment, that of T1 treatment was obviously lower. The content of plastid pigment in tobacco leaves decreased in the order of T1 〉 T2 〉 T3, and the degradation of pigment could be accelerated by high temperature. The leaf weight, thickness and tension between different treatments showed as T2 〉 T3 〉 T1. The stem ratio was the highest under the T1 treatment, and then the T3 treatment, that of T2 treatment was the lowest. Above all, T2 treatment was the best for processing cigar-wrapper tobacco leaves, while T1 was the worst.