基于社交媒体的突发事件应急信息挖掘与分析

The Mining and Analysis of Emergency Information in Sudden Events Based on Social Media

社交媒体越来越多地被看作是随人们移动的传感器,感知周围发生的事件。当突发事件发生时,大量含有位置信息的文字迅速地充斥整个社交网络。本文探讨突发事件应急信息挖掘与分析的一种新思路。基于社交媒体,建立实时应急主题分类模型,从大量、实时的文本流中快速提取、定位应急信息;针对不同主题,利用统计分析和空间分析方法,探寻突发事件的时间趋势和空间分布,为应急响应提供决策支持。

Social media has played an important role in disaster emergency responses, which is increas- ingly being regarded as mobile sensors, perceiving events near human beings. When an emergency oc- curs, a large number of images and texts with geographic information quickly flood the social net- work. This paper presents a new method of mining and analysis of emergency information with a case study to analyze the Sina-Weibo text streams during and after the 2012 ＇Beijing Rainstorm＇. The top- ic classification model of real-time emergency information is built, and the emergency information from real-time text stream are identified and located. Decomposition of seasonal components from the time series data is applied to explore the trend of the number of Sina-Weibo texts related to the ＂Beijing rainstorm＇. According to different topics,using statistical and spatial analysis, a possible spatial struc- ture for distributing resources in response to emergencies is indicated. The study can help to under- stand how the emergency events are evolved and what are impacted by the events, which will benefit decision-makers by allowing timely decisions emergencies for effective mitigation efforts and better al- location of resources.