回顾与展望:中国民族政治学研究述评

Retrospect and Prospect: A Review of the Study on Chinese National Politics

本文主要论及三个重要问题:中国民族政治学研究的历史脉络;中国民族政治学相关专题研究;中国民族政治学未来发展趋势。作为我国新兴的重要学科,民族政治学主要聚焦于民族政治生活及各种民族政治现象,并直接与多民族国家的政治发展及各民族群体的存续密切相连,并通过三个层面发挥作用:首先,就理论研究而言,民族政治学就是要论证民族权利(权力)的合法性来源,通过设定民族群体平等的框架,而研判因地域差异、时代不同的多民族国家的各种治理民族问题举措的价值;其次,就政治制度设计而言,遵循多民族国家意志,进行相应的制度安排,确认或否决相关族群的权利,设定、保障民族权力的运行以及保障民族权利;最后,就政治行为而言,规范族际政治关系、民族全体与多民族国家之间的政治关系,构建必要的民族政治参与路径,促进多民族国家的政治发展和社会和谐稳定。基于此,我国民族政治学研究只有洞察民族政治生活的缘起、关联与发展,才能构建出有利于解决我国民族政治问题的制度,才能树立起足够自信的民族政治学理论体系。

This paper discusses three important issues about the study on Chinese national politics historical development, related studies and trend of future development. The writer holds that as a new an d important discipline in China, focusing on national political life and national political phenomenon, national politics has a close relation with political development and the existence and development of ethnic groups in multinational countries. It plays important roles in three aspects： 1 ） in terms of theoretical research, it proves legitimate source of the power of ethnic groups, sets up the equality framework of all ethnic groups, and uses the framework to evaluate the value of national governance measures of national countries in different times and areas; 2） in terms of political system design, it makes institutional arrangement according to the will of multinational countries, acknowledges or denies related rights of ethnic groups, makes policy and theoretical constructions to safeguard national rights, and sets up and ensures national power operation; and 3） in terms of political behavior, it regulates ethnic political relations and the relation between ethnic groups and multinational countries, provides channels for national political participation and promotes political development and harmonious stability of multinational countries. Therefore, the study on Chinese national politics should focus on examining the origin, relevance and development of national political life, in order to construct a system to help solve national political issues in China and build a confident theoretical system of national political science.