从同化到尊重:从国际劳工组织原住民两公约看国际社会少数族裔保护理念之演变

From Assimilation to Respect——A Discussion of Idealogical Changes of the International Society in Protecting Ethnic Minorities Based on the Two Conventions Concerning Indigenous Peoples Made by International Labor Organization

国际劳工组织1957年和1989年通过的《原住民与部族民公约》体现了国际社会在少数族裔保护方面从同化到尊重的重大理念转变。原住民和部族民从被融合、被发展的对象变为能够自主掌控自身经济社会发展的国家平等公民。少数族裔保护理念的变化与国际范围内对基于西方中心的发展理论和路径的反思密切相关。二战结束以来,国际社会经历了从经济至上的现代化理论到突出人类福祉的人类发展理论的转型。上述理念演进能够为我国在新形势下创新民族事务治理提供启示,特别是有助于重新思考少数民族在国家现代化进程中的地位和作用。

The Convention Concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples isssued by International Labor Organization in 1957 and 1989 reflected great idealogical changes of the international society from assimilatiotJ to respect in protecting ethnic minorities. Indigenous and tribal peoples have changed from being integrated and develped subjects into national citizens who have independent control of their own economic and social development. Thees changes are closely related with the reflections on the West-centered development theory and path in the international world. After World War II, international society has gone through ~l transformation from economy-oriented modernization theory into human development theory which highlights human well-being. These changes can provide inspirations for innovative governance of national affairs in China in the new situation and help us rethink the important position and roles of ethnic minorities in national modernization.