教育能带来满意的收入吗?——受教育程度影响收入满意度的实证研究

Does Education Improve Income Satisfaction?——An Empirical Study on Educational influence on Income Satisfaction

教育作为打破社会分层固化、扭转收入分配代际传递的重要手段,往往被居民视为迈入高收入阶层乃至得到满意收入的重要途径。基于CGSS(2011)微观调查数据,发现从总体上看受教育程度的提高能够增进个体的收入满意度,并且通过增加收入是教育影响收入满意度的重要渠道。特别是在工资分配机制更为灵活的非国有部门,受教育程度对于个体获取满意的收入非常重要。但是,在国有部门,教育的影响并不显著。基于R2的夏普里值分解方法显示,在造成个体收入满意度差异的各因素中,教育的贡献率为6.22%,在非国有部门教育的贡献率达到11.02%,而在国有部门贡献率仅为2.87%。本研究的政策含义是,如果要建立以人力资本为导向的更为合理的收入分配体系,打破劳动力市场的体制性障碍特别是推进国有部门改革将是必要的政策手段。

Education is often known as an important way to break class solidification by changing betweengeneration transfer of income distribution and a major approch to get satisfactory income,entering into the high income class.Based on CGSS(2011) Survey Data, the paper found that education could enhance income satisfaction mainly through earnings. Especially in the non-state sector where wage distribution mechanism was more flexible, individual income was greatly subject to schooling, a phenomenon that wasn't evident in state sector. Applying Shapley Value Decomposition, it showed that education contributed 6.22% of all the factors that influenced individual's income satisfaction.While in the non-state sector,the contribution rate is 11.02% compared with 2.8% in the state sector. The policy implication is that to build a healthier human capital oriented income distribution system, it is necessary to break down institutional barriers of the labor market, in particular to promote the labor market's reform in the state sector.