自然保护区对濒危植物种群的保护效果探索——以海南昌江县青梅种群为例

Exploration of the Protective Effect on Endangered Plant Populations inside the Nature Reserve——a case study of Vatica mangachapoi in Changjiang,Hainan

在自然保护区外,植物种群受到的负面影响因素很多,森林破碎化、人为砍伐、火烧等人为干扰都会影响濒危植物种群的生存、生长与发育,为了定量探索保护区对濒危植物种群的保护效果,本文以濒危植物青梅(Vatica mangachapoi)为例,采用样方法对昌江县自然保护区内和自然保护区外开展青梅种群的空间分布格局分析,进而从种群径级结构、静态生命表、存活曲线等方面对青梅种群的种群特征比较分析。结果表明:1)无论自然保护区内外,青梅种群为集群分布,但在自然保护区外,青梅种群集群程度更强,不利于其种群的扩散;2)在自然保护区外,青梅种群的幼苗、幼树很少,青梅种群结构表现为衰退型,而自然保护区内青梅种群结构表现为增长型;3)在自然保护区外,存活曲线表明青梅种群接近DeeveyⅠ型;在自然保护区内,存活曲线表明青梅种群开始时接近DeeveyⅢ型;因此,建立自然保护区,对濒危植物的保护效果非常明显。海南较多的保护物种与青梅的生态学特性类似,多为濒危物种,需要连续性、少人为干扰的生存、生长和发育的环境,因此,加强自然保护区的保护工作,对保护濒危植物种群具有非常重要的意义。

The plant populations were affected by many negative factors such as forest fragmentation, hu-man felling, burning and other human disturbance which would affect the survival, growth and develop-ment of endangered plant populations outside the nature reserve. In order to quantitatively explore the pro-tective effect on endangered plant populations inside the nature reserve, the endangered plant species Vat-ica ruaugachapoi was taken as an example. The method of sample was used to analyze the spatial distribu-tion pattern of the Vatica ruaugachapoi populations inside the nature reserve and outside the nature re-serve in Changjiang county, Hainan, with the population diameter structure, static life table and survivalcurve being used for research of the characteristics of Vatica ruaugachapoi. The results showed that thespatial distribution pattern of the Vatica ruaugachapoi population tended to be aggregated inside and out-side the nature reserve,while the aggregation intensity was strong outside the nature reserve and not con-ducive to the spread of the population;The Vatica ruaugachapoi population was of declining type outsidthe nature reserve because the seedlings and young trees of Vatica ruaugachapoi population were rare,while this population was of increasing type inside the nature reserve. The survival curve was similar toDeevey type Ⅰ outside the nature reserve,while the survival curve was similar to Deevey type Ⅲ insidethe nature reserve in the beginning. The protection of endangered plants achieved good effects because ofthe setting up of the nature reserve. Ecological characteristics of most protected species, of which many be-long to the endangered species, were similar to Vatica ruaugachapoi in Hainan. The endangered speciesneeded continuous survival, growth and development environment with less human interference. Therefore,restoring and protecting the forest continuity is of growing significance to endangered species protection.