大学校园园林绿化树木配置与鸟类多样性关系研究

Study on the Relationship between the Bird Diversity and the Arrangement of Gardon Trees on Campus

快速城市化发展背景下,校园作为城市绿地已成为鸟类重要的栖息地,木本植物的配置对鸟类群落有显著的影响,研究木本植物配置与鸟类多样性的关系对提升校园的生态服务功能有重要的理论和应用价值。通过近3年对内蒙古农业大学不同园林树木配置与鸟类多样性进行观察表明,内蒙古农业大学校园共有鸟类19种,其中留鸟5种,夏候鸟12种,冬候鸟2种;植食性鸟类6种,食虫性6种,食肉性2种,杂食性5种;栖息树木主要是新疆杨、金枝柳、圆柏、油松和白杄;留鸟与树木种类无关,而候鸟与树木的种类相关;配置层次、植物多样性、密度、果实类型和树冠类型与鸟类多样性有极显著的相关性,与生活型相关性不显著。所以在植物配置中应加强上述方面的构建,实现校园不同鸟类多样性,以保证校园人工园林绿化系统自平衡性。

With the rapid urbanization process, the campuses as parts of public green spaces have becomethe important habitats for birds. Since different arrangements of tree species have significant impacts onbird communities, it is necessary to do research on it. Over the past three years, an observation on the di-versity of birds and different arrangements of tree species have been made, showing the total number ofbird species is 19, among which,there are 5 resident bird species, 12 summer migratory bird species and 2winter migratory bird species. Among all these birds species,there are 6 phytophagous bird species,6 in-sectivorous bird species,2 raptorial bird species and 5 omnivorous bird species. Their inhabit tree speciesare as follows ： Populus alba , Salix xaureo-pendula , Salix babylonica , Pinus tabulaeformis , Sabina chinch-sis ,Picea rueyeri. The resident birds are not linked with the tree species, but migrant birds are. The com-plex perspective of tree species, the plants diversity, the density, the types of fruits and canopies of differ-ent tree species have strong influences on bird species composition, but life forms of the tress don＇ t. In or-der to improve the diversity of bird species on campus and guarantee the balances of eco-system of man-made green space system, we should strengthen the above aspects of ornamental tree arrangements.