中国城市公用事业公私合作制的实施障碍与破解路径

The Implementation Obstacles and Cracking Routes of the Public-Private Partnerships for China's Urban Public Utilities

在现有制度背景下,中国城市公用事业公私合作制的有效实施面临政府职责定位不明,私方伙伴标准不清、风险分担不甚合理、投资回报监管目标难以兼容、政府承诺缺失、监管权力配置失当等障碍。针对这些问题,可从明确政府城市公用产品保障与监管职责,广泛动员社会资本,建立风险—收益匹配的风险分担机制,构建多重目标有效兼容的投资回报监管模式,建立以合同监管和法律体系为主的正式制度,构筑中央至地方的三层分级监管体系等方面破解,进而推动中国城市公用事业的发展。

Under current system background, the effective implementation of the public-private partnerships（ PPP） for Chinese urban public utilities is confronted with some obstacles, including undefined government duties, uncalrified standards for determining private partnership,unjustifiable risk sharing, incompatible supervision target for investment return, defected government＇s commitment and the improperly allocated regulatory powers and so on. To solve these problems, government＇s safeguard and supervision responsibilities for the urban public utilities should be clearly defined; social capital should be widely mobilized; a risk sharing mechanism should be constructed, in which the benefits and risks matches; a supervision mode of investment returns with multiple targets and effective compatibility should be built; a formal system which consists of contract supervision and legal system should be established;construct three-layer hierarchical supervision system from the central to local government, thus to promote the development of China＇s urban public utilities.