东北地区某部秋季新兵集训期间伤病情况分析

目的探讨新兵新训期间伤病发生情况,为其有效防止提供依据.方法：按照呼吸道、消化道、军事训练伤、皮肤病和其他疾病进行分类,结合训练周次,分析2013年东北地区某部新兵406人（次）的临床伤病资料.结果：406人次中,男兵341,女兵65,男兵与女兵的好发疾病及发病率较接近,呼吸道疾病男女共192人次,占47.3%;消化道疾病共76人次,占18.7%;军事训练伤共56人次,占13.8%;皮肤病共37人次,占9.1%;其他疾病共45人次,占11.1%.各疾病的发病高峰与训练阶段关系密切,主要集中在第2、3、5、6、7周内.结论：新兵训练伤病发生率较高,与训练周期、训练强度、天气、生活习惯等因素关系较密切,根据新兵的实际情况合理设置训练内容、强度的同时,合理膳食以及加强健康督促对新兵伤病的预防有重要意义.

ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence, related influencing factors and predilection sites of training injuries in a special force corps for providing a basis of e？ective prevention of the injuries.Methods：Four hundred and sixty-four o？cers and soldiers were randomly selected by lottery method from a special force corps in May 2011, and the training injuries as well as their related information was investigated by a questionnaire method. The medical records of the 464 subjects from May 2010 to May 2011 were reviewed. The collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 19.0 software. Results：Of the 464 subjects, 165（35.6%） never experienced injuries, and 299（64.4%）were injured due to training in the last one year. A total of 505 person-time injuries occurred in 464 subjects, and the incidence of injury was 109 per 100 person-year. The major risk factors for training injuries included above average age, fondness of multiple sports, greater labor force, or higher frequency of sport exercises before enlistment, poor sleep or diet caused by training burden, and higher SCL-90 somatization score. The major protective factors comprised of higher military rank, lower-intensity training, higher education level, higher labor frequency before enlistment, higher SCL-90 phobic anxiety score, higher SCL-90 depression score, SCL-90 spirit score, and higher satisfaction degree on trainingprogram. The major sites of training injuries were lower extremities and lower back （accountingfor73.0%）. Most injuries occurred below the knee （accounting for 49.0%）, including the foot （6.5%）, ankle （13.6%）, leg （7.3%） and knee （21.6%）, followed by the lower back （accounting for 20.7%）.Conclusions：The risk factors of military training injuries involve various aspects, and continuous high intensive and highly di？cult training items are the main reason of training injuries, and the lower extremities and lower back are the major locations. Psychological factors are also closely related to the occurrence of training injuries. Reasonable establishment of training program and intensity, and improve the physical and mental quality would be beneficial to prevention and treatment of training injuries.