脑卒中并发吸入性肺炎危险因素及护理对策

Stroke risk of aspiration pneumonia complicated by factors and nursing countermeasure

目的分析脑卒中患者并发吸入性肺炎的相关危险因素,并针对其相关危险因素制定护理对策,为临床防治提供依据.方法：选择脑卒中患者864例,其中并发吸入性肺炎84例,将其设定为肺炎组;未并发吸入性肺炎的患者780例,设定为非合并肺炎组.两组作对比分析,对相关危险因素进行分析,并针对危险因素制定护理对策.结果：脑卒中患者中发生吸入性肺炎共84例,经分析肺炎组由于意识障碍、体位不当、吞咽困难、咳嗽无力、慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）、鼻饲、吸痰、机械通气及吸烟史导致的吸入性肺炎发生率较非肺炎组高,差异有统计学意义.结论：针对脑卒中患者采取相应护理对策,可预防其发生吸入性肺炎,对提高脑卒中患者康复、减少并发症的发生具有重要作用.

ObjectiveTo analyze stroke patients with aspiration pneumonia related risk factors, and develop nursing countermeasures against its associated risk factors, provide the basis for clinical prevention. Methods：January 2012 - January 2015 stroke patients treated 864 cases of clinical data were retrospectively analyzed, including 84 cases of patients with aspiration pneumonia, which is set to pneumonia group, is complicated by aspiration pneumonia patients pneumonia group setting for 780 cases of non-comparative analysis of the related risk factors were analyzed. Results：A total 84 cases of aspiration pneumonia occurred in stroke patients, accounting for 9.7 percent of stroke patients, the analysis pneumonia due to the disturbance of consciousness, improper posture, difficulty swallowing, cough, weakness, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）, nasal, suction, aspiration pneumonia incidence of mechanical ventilation and smoking cause pneumonia than non-high group, the difference was statistically significant. Conclusions：For stroke patients take care measures, can prevent its aspiration pneumonia, to improve the rehabilitation of stroke patients and reduce complications of having an important role.