论古代埃及《金字塔铭文》中的早期托特神崇拜

The Early Cult of Thoth in Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts

作为埃及最原始的神祇之一,托特神在古埃及宗教中占有十分重要的地位。尽管对其起源的时间和地点等细节还充满疑问,但毋庸置疑的是,对于托特神的崇拜在埃及文明的早期就已经存在,这一点在《金字塔铭文》中表现得尤为明显。在这种古埃及最早的宗教文献中,最初以月神身份出现的托特神,不仅在奥西里斯传说、荷鲁斯和塞特的争端中扮演了重要角色,还成为死去国王的得力助手。这些早期托特崇拜的内容为以后托特神崇拜的不断扩大奠定了基础。

As one of the primitive gods of Egypt, religion. Although lack of convincible evidence for Thoth has hold an essential position in ancient Egyptian its original source, the cult of Thoth has already emerged during the early stage of Egyptian civilization, which is particularly distinguishable in the Egyptian religious inscriptions known as ＂Pyramid Texts＂. In this ancient texts, which can perfectly reflect the idea of incipi- ent Egyptian religious thoughts, Thoth has initially appeared as a Luna God. Not only playing a key part in the myth of Osiris and arbitrating between Horus and Seth, Thoth has also become a capable assistant of the dead Pharaohs. For this reason, the cult of Thoth has grown steadily in the rest history of Ancient Egypt.