论康德的我思与黑格尔的自我意识

On Kant's Cogito and Hegel's Self-consciousness

康德是从知性的构造中引出我思的规律,知性的构造依赖三个环节:一是直观条件的设定,二是想象力综合形式的联结,三是意识的统一性所引出的意向化对象的出现。这三者会在先验统觉的作用下达成概念。当知性在范畴的关系中建立起概念规定时,人们也就在反思的形态中建立起客观世界的知识。黑格尔反对康德的那种知性化的主观原则,他把思维的运动引入到纯粹理念的关系,那个理念被绝对精神所支配,绝对精神作为普遍灵魂在其自身进行自我反思,它把自身造就为有限者之灵魂,当那个有限者在自我意识中抵达普遍意识的高度时,那个有限者也就在精神的层面达到了神的人性概念。

Kant made the law of cogito based on the intellectual structure, which is formed with three links ： the setup intuitive conditions, the jointed comprehensive imaginations, and the intentional objects resulting from the unity of consciousnesses. All make the conceptions worked by transcendental apperception. While intellectuality establishes the provision of conceptions in the intellectual categories, people will obtain the knowledge about the objective world in the form of reflection. Hegel opposed to Kant＇s subjective principle of intellectuality. He introduced thinking to pure conceptual relationship dominated by the absolute spirit, which as a common soul introspects itself and shaped itself to be the soul of the finite. When the finite reaches the height of universal consciousness from self consciousness, it will get to the nature of divinity spiritually.