中国古代“适”观念的生态美学解读

Interpretations of the Ideas of “Proper” in Ancient China in the Perspective of Ecological Aesthetics

"适"是中国古典美学的一个重要范畴,先秦的儒家、道家以及后世的宋明理学都对"适"有过深刻论述,"适"也逐渐具备了哲学、诗学和美学内涵。本文基于近年来方兴未艾的生态美学理论,从自然生态视角探讨"适"与"和谐"、"共生"、"适度"等生态思想的关系,认为"适"是人与自然达到平等和谐的一种生态美;从社会生态视角探讨"适"与社会秩序特别是中国古代"礼"的关系,认为"适"是一种秩序的美;从精神生态视角探讨"适"作为一种审美心态与庄子"游"思想的关系,认为"适"是一种"自适其适"、"自得其得"、"适性为美"的审美心态。

＂Proper＂is an important category in Chinese classical aesthetics and has deep connotations of philosophy,poetics and aesthetics. According to the theory of ecological aesthetics,this paper explores the relationships of ＂proper＂and ＂harmony＂,＂co-existence＂,＂fitness＂and thinks that ＂proper＂is a kind of ecological aesthetics in which man and nature can reach a harmonious and equal existence. In spirit,＂proper＂is a kind of suitable,complacent and free aesthetical mind,which is closely related with＂carefree journey＂of Zhuangzi.