从社会时间到社会形态:“近世”概念中的学术共同体意识

From Social Time to Social Types:The Consciousness of Academic Community in “Early Modern” Concept

"近世"一词作为重要的学术概念,其意蕴从战国至近代发生了深刻地变迁。由于缺乏对"近世"一词含义的梳理,当下混用"近世"与"近代",以及不同学科间用法不一的现象十分普遍。本文从学术共同体的时空体验出发,围绕"近世"含义的演变,发现这一概念经历古今嬗变和中西交融的双重变迁,从一种模糊的时间概念发展为一种对社会基本形态的表达,用以描述宋代之后的平民社会。"近世"概念在内涵上的变化,反映了学术共同体的代际变迁和时代感的变化,对于认识中国学术共同体的集体意识具有重要的指标性意义。

As an important academic concept,the implication of the ＂Early Modern＂has changed profoundly from the Warring States period to modern times. It is very common that the mixture of＂Early Modern＂and＂Modern time＂and different usages among the different disciplines for the lack of combing the meaning in academia. Based on spatial-temporal experience of the academic community and centered on the evolution of＂Early Modern＂meanings,this article found the＂Early Modern＂meanings evolution induced by the change in temporal（ Ancient to Modern） and spatial（ Sino-Western exchanges）.This concept was originally used as a fuzzy concept of time. Subsequently,the＂Early Modern＂roundly rises to the expression of social basic types which stands for the civil society after the Sung Dynasty. The changes of the＂Early Modern＂meaning reflect the changes of academic communities on intergeneration and era sensation. It has an important indicative significance to understand collective consciousness of the Chinese academic community.