蓝圆鲹肌肉中营养成分分析与评价

Analysis and evaluation of nutritional components in the muscle of Decapterus maruadsi

为了测定蓝圆鲹(Decapterus maruadsi)肌肉中的营养成分,并对其营养价值进行系统的分析及合理的评价,采用国家标准生化测定方法检测蓝圆鲹肌肉中的水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分、氨基酸、脂肪酸及矿物质。结果显示,蓝圆鲹肌肉中水分含量为75.00%,粗蛋白质、粗脂肪及粗灰分的干重含量分别为79.52%、9.88%和4.16%;共检出18种氨基酸,总含量为75.24%(干重),必需氨基酸占氨基酸总含量的30.08%,谷氨酸含量最高(11.40%),主要的限制氨基酸是色氨酸和缬氨酸,必需氨基酸指数EAAI为83.32;共检出17种脂肪酸,棕榈酸含量最高(2.60%),EPA+DHA含量为2.20%;富含磷(P)、钾(K)、钙(Ca)、钠(Na)、镁(Mg)等矿物质元素,常量元素中磷的含量最高(2 193.99 mg/kg),微量元素中铁的含量最高(22.25 mg/kg)。研究表明,蓝圆鲹是高蛋白低脂肪、营养价值及经济价值均较高的优质海洋经济鱼类,具有较好的综合开发利用价值。

To determine the nutritional composition of Decapterus maruadsi muscles and systematically analyze the nutritional value of Decapterus maruadsi muscles so as to give it a reasonable evaluation,the national standard biochemical assay method was applied to detect the moisture,crude protein,crude fat,crude ash,amino acids,fatty acids and minerals of the Decapterus maruadsi muscles. The results showed： The moisture content in muscles of Decapterus maruadsi was 75. 00%,the dry weight content of crude protein,crude fat and crude ash were 79. 52%,9. 88% and 4. 16% respectively. 18 kinds of amino acids were detected with the total content of 75. 24%（ dry weight）,in which the essential amino acids accounted for 30. 08% of total amino acids. The content of was glutamic acid the top（ 11. 40%）. The main limiting amino acids were tryptophan and valine,and essential amino acid index（ EAAI） was 83. 32. 17 kinds of fatty acids were found in muscles with the top content of palmitic acid（ 2. 60%）,and the total content of EPA and DHA was2. 20%. The mineral elements were rich in muscles,such as P,K,Ca,Na,Mg,etc. The top major element of P was 2 193. 99 mg / kg and the top trace element of Fe was 22. 25 mg / kg. It is concluded that Decapterus maruadsi is a kind of the high quality economic fish that have high protein and low fat,high nutritional value and high economic value. It has great potential for comprehensive exploitation and utilization.