审判中心主义在中国:制度障碍与实现路径

Trial- centered Principle in China: Institutional Obstacles and Ways of Realization

审判中心主义符合刑事司法的内在规律和基本要求,对刑事诉讼立法和实践具有重大的指导意义。但是,长期以来,审判中心主义这一原则在我国刑事诉讼中并未得到有效贯彻。我国刑事诉讼运行呈现出以行政决策为特征的裁判模式、以侦查活动为中心的构造模式和以案卷笔录为基础的审判方式三种样态,严重背离了审判中心主义的基本理念。正是这些实践样态背后的因素阻碍着审判中心主义的实现。因此,推进以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革,应当推动司法去行政化的改革,保障审判独立;完善强制侦查司法审查制度,发挥审判对侦查的制约作用;实行起诉书一本主义,切断侦查与审判的联结;贯彻直接言词原则,促进庭审的实质化。

The trial-centered principle conforms to the inherent law and basic requirements of the criminal justice system, hence the great guiding significance for the legislation and practice of criminal proceedings. For a long time, however, it has not been im- plemented effectively in the criminal proceedings in China. The three patterns in the operation of our criminal proceedings -- the ju- dicial one featured with administrative decision-makings, the constructive one centered around investigative activities, and the trial one based on file-transcripts -- deviate seriously from the trial-centered judicial concept. It is just the factors behind these practice patterns that become the obstacles to the realization of the trial-centered principle. It follows that in order to carry out the criminal proceedings system reform centered on trial, it is essential to adopt the following approaches ： to promote the de-administration judi- cial reform to ensure the judicial independence, to improve the judicial system of compulsory criminal investigation to enable the judgment to achieve its restrictive function on investigation, to adopt the indictment-only doctrine to cut off links between investiga- tion and judgment, and to implement the principle of direct verbal trial to promote the realization of real trial.