论榕树作为审美客体的内涵流变及其文化意义

The Variation of Banyan's Connotation as Aesthetic Object and Its Cultural Significance

榕树是中国南方极为常见的树木,亦是闽粤文化的象征和载体,关于榕树的文字记载却迟至三国才出现,进入文学史成为审美观照的对象更是从唐代才开始。早期对榕树的描写多着眼于其独特的外形,体现出北方诗人好奇的态度,之后,文学作品中榕树的审美意蕴不断扩展,成为文人抒发各种情感的载体。宋代李纲《榕木赋》、薛季宣《大榕赋》、明代黄道周《榕颂》中,榕树已经与儒道文化联系在一起,被赋予比德的内涵。榕树在文学史上的被认识与被接受,意味着中原文化对闽粤文化的认同和南人文化自信心的提升。

Banyan tree is very common in southern China,but also a symbol or a carrier of Min and Yue culture. Written records about banyan tree,however,had not appeared until the Three Kingdoms. People had just proceeded to have the consciousness to appreciate banyan and put it into literature realm from Tang Dynasty. In the early stage,the description of banyan was more focused on its unique appearance,which reflected curious attitude of the northern poets. In the later literary works,with expanding of aesthetic connotation,banyan has reflected various feelings of literati.