考虑双边服务水平的网购服务供应链协调契约

Online Shopping Service Supply Chain Coordination Contract Considering Bilateral Service Level

本文考虑了由单个网络商店和单个第三方物流企业(TPL)所构成的二级网购服务供应链,在双方服务水平同时影响市场需求的情况下,研究了网购服务供应链的服务质量协调问题。通过对比分散式和集中式供应链中各方的均衡决策,指出传统价格契约的不足,提出采用收益共享契约对供应链进行协调,并分析了该契约实现供应链协调的条件和局限。研究结果表明:收益共享契约能激励双方提高服务水平、实现供应链协调;协调契约实施前后各方的基本服务水平对各自的收益和服务决策均有正向影响,且相应的影响在协调契约下更明显。此外,研究还指出供应链系统可能会因TPL服务能力不足发生服务拥塞,使得系统运营效率降低。最后,通过算例验证了收益共享契约的有效性,并对主要参数的灵敏度进行了分析。

In this paper, service quality coordination mechanism is studied in a two-layer service supply chain that consists of one online store and one TPL with the market demand dependent on their service levels. Service decisions are compared and analyzed in two different scenarios： decentralized decision and centralized decision. And then the limitations of the traditional price-only contract in the first scenario are pointed out. Considering the scenario of centralized decision as a benchmark, we propose a revenue sharing contract （RSC） as a method to coordinate the decentralized supply chain and give the conditions and limitations of the contract to realize supply chain coordination. The results show that the RSC can motivate both online store and TPL to improve service lev- el and realize service supply chain coordination. Moreover, the result shows that basic service levels of all mem- bers have a positive influence on their service decision in the two scenarios, and the effect is greater in the sec- ond scenario. However, the results also show that service congestion effect may appear due to the shortage of the service capacity of TPL, which may decrease the efficiency of the service system. Finally, the numerical analysis proves the effectiveness of the RSC and the sensitivity analysis is made for the main parameters of our models.