大众的“理性行动”概念——一种实验哲学视角的考察

The Folk Concept of Rational Action: From the Experimental Point of View

对理性行动的说明向来是一个哲学难题,大众则普遍相信自己能够判断一个行动是否理性。通过设计若干案例调查大众的"理性行动"直觉,对调查获得的统计数据进行分析可表明:(1)传统(基于理性选择理论)的理性行动概念没有很好地刻画大众的"理性行动"直觉;(2)大众对行动是否理性的判断也易于受一些因素(如行动的后果)的污染;(3)大众的"理性行动"直觉与哲学家经过慎思的直觉没有显然的差异。对理性行动的说明应充分尊重大众和哲学家共享的东西。

The problem of mental causation is an important issue in contemporary philosophy of mind.Kim argues according to the causal exclusion argument that the mental causation of non-reductive materialism is threatened by preemption, namely that causal validity will be excluded by physical validity in the end. Ned Block claims that because it is an open question whether there is or is not a bottom level, something is wrong with Kim's causal exclusion argument. Besides, Kim owes us a reason for supporting 'over-determination', and the 'level' in his argument also has ambiguity. Kim uses the fragmentation strategy to shore up the exclusion principle, but the fragmentation strategy also needs to be justified. As a result, it is concluded that his criticism towards non-reductive materialism is not established.