论冯友兰的社会政治思想——以《新事论》为中心

On Feng Youlan's Social and Political Thought—— Centered on On New Things

在冯友兰看来,工业化才是中国走向自由之路,此种主张在《新事论》中得到了较为详尽的阐发,并对民初人偏信西洋"精神文明"的态度进行了大量批评,而更多赞同清末人致力于"实业救国"的立场。冯友兰认为,倡导新文化、新道德之时贤,其观点虽从社会转型的角度来看,实有某种必然性,但从学理或思想上来看,则是完全错误的。中国社会之近代转型,对传统伦理造成了巨大的冲击,在冯友兰看来,这种转型首先就是"生产家庭化"到"生产社会化"的变化。冯友兰认为,在"以家庭为本位"的社会中,不存在所谓妇女问题。新文化运动对传统礼教的批评,尤其是虚构妇女在传统家庭中的悲惨命运,完全是出于文学的想象和虚构。

In Feng Youlan＇s opinion, only industrialization is the way for China to get freedom, such claims gotmore detailed expositions in 〈On New Things〉, and he criticized a lot the biased attitude of the people in the early Chinese Republic who believed the western ＂spiritual civilization＂, and more agreed with people in the late Qingdynasty who committed to the position of ＂industrial salvation＂. Feng Youlan thought, the elites of the time whoadvocated the new culture and new morality were completely wrong from the viewpoint of scientific theory or ideology,although their views had a certain inevitability from the point of social transformation. The modern transformation ofChinese society caused a huge shock to traditional ethics, in Feng Youlan＇s opinion, this kind of transformation wasfirstly the change from the ＂production based on family＂ to the ＂socialization of production＂. Feng Youlan thought, inthe ＂family oriented＂ society, there were no so-called women＇s problems. The criticism of the new culture movementto the traditional Confucianism, especially the fictional tragic fate of women in the traditional family, is completely outof literary imagination and fiction.