阳明心学美学的心本立场及其再评价

The Mind Oriented Position of Yangming's Mind Aesthetics and Its Revaluation

按阳明心本哲学,人为天地万物之心,心为天地万物之本;心之所发便是意,意之所在便是物;物即事,事与物经过意的中介,化本然之在为意义之在,由此通向意义世界的建构。进入审美存在的视阈,"心外无物"这个命题意味着与主体无关的纯粹客体不具备现实的审美意义,审美对象的生成和呈现离不开审美本心的照觉,美本身就只是本心良知在境域中的感应呈现。审美存在是一种境界,是本心明觉的澄明境地。王阳明"心外无物"的思路如果作为对物质世界实在性的思考,未免过于思辨而"唯心",往往使物质对象的自在性难以落实。然而,这种思路如果作为对价值意义世界存在性及呈现性的思考,则具有极大的魅力;而作为对审美世界的存在性及呈现性的思考,则更有极具魅力的启发。我们有理由尊重心本立场的智慧:就世界实存而言,是物质实在在先,精神存在在后;就意义世界而言,是精神世界为本,物质世界为用,后者的意义因前者而显现。

According to Wang Yangming＇s mind oriented philosophy, man is the heart of all things in the world,and heart is the foundation of all things in the world. Heart produces meaning. Where meaning exists is object. bject isthing, and via the media of meaning, the substance existence is transformed into the existence of meaning, thusconstructing the meaning world. The proposition that ＂Nothing exists beyond the mind＂suggests the pure objectivity,which is irrelevant to subjectivity, does not have the realistic meaning of aesthetics. There will be no production andpresentation of objects of aesthetics without the care of the aesthetic mind. On one hand, Wang Yangming＇s idea of＂nothing exists beyond the mind＂ is an idealist view of considering the material world. On the other hand, it isvaluable to regard it as thinking on his existence and presentation of the meaning world, and even more valuable forthe aesthetic world. We need to respect the wisdom of mind oriented. For the actual world, object exists before spiritualexistence. However, for the meaning world, spiritual world is the foundation and the material world is its presence.