上博楚简《恒先》的“复”观念探析

A Study on the “Fu” Concept in Chu Slips Hengxian Collected by Shanghai Museum

楚简《恒先》的"复"观念通过两个层面依次展开,即自然宇宙论视野下的事物之自"复"和社会人生观照下的"作""为"之"复"。自"复"又包括"恒"之"复"、"恒气"之"复"和物之"复"三个方面。"恒"之"复"是指"恒"所展开的万有之世界以"恒"这一原初状态为其往复的趋向;"恒气"之"复"是"恒气"在创化过程中向自身复归以生物的"求欲自复",其与"求其所生"共同构成了"恒气"生物的内在动力;物之"复"是指"天道既载"之后宇宙万物以求其自性、守其自性为其存在方式。社会领域中的"作""为"之"复"则主要依赖于保持人事活动中意、言、名、事的正性得以实现。上述两个方面的"复"观念构成理解《恒先》思想的重要线索。

The ＂Fu＂ concept of Chu slips Hengxian is described through two aspects. One is Zi-Fu in the viewof cosmology by itself; the other is artifical ＂Fu＂ in the view of social life. Zi-Fu includes three aspects： Heng＇s＂Fu＂; Hengqi＇s＂Fu＂; and＂Fu＂of things. Heng＇s＂Fu＇is saying that the world produced by Heng returns towardHeng itself. Hengqi＇s ＂Fu＂ is saying that Hengqi has a will of returning to itself in its process of creating. The ＂Fu＂of things is saying that holding their nature is the existence way of universal things. The artifical ＂Fu＂ says that Yi,Yan, Ming and Shi of social activities must keep their nature. The above two concepts of ＂Fu＂ are the important clueto understand Hengxian.