晋黔贫困地区暴力管教现状及影响因素研究

Study on violent discipline and its associated factors in poor rural areas

目的通过在晋黔两省的调查,了解贫困地区暴力管教的发生情况,探讨暴力管教的影响因素。方法数据来源于2013年在贫困山区开展的针对3岁以下儿童及其看护人的横断面调查;内容包括儿童、看护人及家庭的一般信息,管教态度及行为;用χ2检验和Logistic回归分析进行因素分析。结果 2 953名看护人中44.9%在过去的一个月内对儿童采用过暴力管教方式,其中情感暴力、轻度身体暴力和重度身体暴力分别为25.5%、39.6%、3.8%。儿童月龄增加(OR=1.07)、留守儿童(OR=1.17)、女性看护人(OR=1.44)、少数民族(OR=1.60)、教育程度低(OR=1.41)会增加暴力管教的风险。结论贫困地区婴幼儿遭受暴力管教的比例很高,需针对高危儿童进行家庭干预。

Objective To describe the situation of violent discipline in poor rural areas and explore possible associated factors. Methods The data were from a cross-sectional survey that conducted among children under 3years of age and their caregivers in poor rural areas of China.Characteristics of the child,caregiver and family were collected through face-toface caregiver interviews.Discipline attitude and behavior of caregivers were measured through the indicators developed from UNCEF＇s Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys（MICS）.The Chi-squared test and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore associated factors. Results Of the 2 953 caregivers,44.9% had used at least one type of violent discipline during the last one month,the prevalence of the psychological aggression,mild physical punishment and severe physical punishment were 25.5%,39.6% and 3.8%,respectively.Significant predictors of increased odds of violent discipline included the child＇s older age（OR=1.07）,left-behind children（OR=1.17）,female caregiver（OR=1.44）,ethnic minorities（OR=1.60）,and lower education（OR=1.41）. Conclusion The high prevalence of violent discipline among children younger than 3years in poor rural areas highlights the need for family interventions targeting the high-risk children.