佳木斯农村6～11岁留守儿童忽视现况分析

Analysis on the current neglect state of rural left-behind pupil aged 6～11 years old in Jiamusi

目的探讨佳木斯农村地区留守儿童忽视现况,为改善农村留守儿童受忽视现况及预防干预工作提供科学依据。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,随机抽取佳木斯农村三所小学的1 576名学生中的433名留守儿童（男生202人,女生231人）。采用＂中国农村6~11岁小学生儿童忽视评价常模＂中规定的量表进行问卷调查,应用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计描述及分析。结果 6~8岁组留守儿童的忽视率和忽视度分别为48.74%和48.25±8.40;9~11岁组的分别为52.99%和46.82±10.21,两年龄组的忽视水平与全国水平基本一致,高于本地区城区儿童。按性别分组,男生的忽视率及忽视度均高于女生（P〈0.05）。6~8岁组在教育和社会层面上的忽视度高于9~11岁组（P〈0.01）,9~11岁组安全层面上的忽视率和忽视度均高于6~8岁组（P〈0.05）。男生在身体层面的忽视度和忽视率均高于女生,且在情感层面上的忽视度也高于女生（P〈0.05）。此外,留守儿童均以受到单一忽视为主。不同类型留守儿童间的忽视率和忽视度水平无差异。结论佳木斯农村地区留守儿童受到的忽视频度高,强度大。应加强相关知识的教育、增加有关资源,提高社会各界对农村儿童的关注,增加外出父母与留守儿童间的沟通交流,为农村儿童提供适宜其身心发展的环境。

Objective To study out the neglect state of rural pupil in Jiamusi and to provide a base for projecting scientific intervention measures. Methods A total of 1 576pupils（of whom left-behind children were 433）who were multistage stratified randomly sampled from Jiamusi,were investigated by Evaluation Questionnaire of Child Neglect of Rural Pupil Aged 6~11Years old in China.SPSS 19.0was employed for statistics analysis. Results The neglect frequency and degree of left-behind children aged 6~8were 48.74 and 48.25±8.40 respectively,and they were 52.99% and 46.82±10.21 of children aged 9~11.They were the same as the whole country＇level and they were higher than the urban pupils＇ level.There were differences on neglect frequency and degree between males and female（P0.05）.The neglect degrees of age group 6~8were higher than 9~11（P0.05）on education and society.The neglect frequency and degree of pupils aged9~11were higher than 6~8on safety.The neglect frequency and degree of males＇ were higher than female＇s on physical and so was the neglect degree on emotion.All pupils suffered neglect mainly on one of the six neglect types.There were no differences on neglect frequency and degree in different types of left-behind children. Conclusions Neglect degree and frequency of left-behind children aged 6~11in rural city of Jiamusi are high.More attention and more resources should be paid to rural pupils.And the whole society should focus on improving the rural children＇s environments.