湘西州农村中学生体育锻炼特征及其健康危险行为研究

Comparison between the Characteristics of High School Students'Physical Exercise in Rural Areas and Their Risking Behaviors of Health in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture

目的:了解湘西州农村中学生体育锻炼的特征,分析湘西州农村中学生经常参加体育锻炼者与缺乏体育锻炼者在健康危险行为方面的差异。方法:采用分层随机整群抽样的方法抽取湘西州农村初中、高中学校各2所,对1 175名中学生进行问卷调查。结果:湘西州农村学校60.26%的中学生缺乏体育锻炼,女生(66.67%)高于男生(51.95%),中学生是否缺乏体育锻炼在不同性别(X2=26.116,P<0.01)、学段(X2=17.317,P<0.01)、民族(X2=23.318,P<0.01)、父亲文化程度(X2=15.041,P<0.05)、母亲文化程度(X2=9.735,P<0.05)、学习成绩(X2=10.626,P<0.05)等方面均存在显著性;将是否缺乏体育锻炼设为因变量(缺乏体育锻炼者=1,经常参加体育锻炼者=0),将12种健康危险行为作为自变量进行多因素非条件logistic回归,得出缺乏体育锻炼与不健康减肥(OR=1.655,P<0.01)、偏食(OR=1.622,P<0.01)、自杀意念(OR=1.669,P<0.01)呈负相关,与饮酒(OR=1.383,P<0.05)成正相关。结论:湘西州农村学校大部分中学生缺乏体育锻炼,女生高于男生,参加体育锻炼是不健康减肥、偏食、自杀意念的保护因素,是饮酒的危险因素。

Purpose： to acknowledge the characteristics of high school students’ participation in physical exercise in rural of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture; to analyze the differences of risking behavior to health between high school students who take physical exercise and those who lack of physical exercise. Methods： Use a random overall sampling way after stratified sampling to extract each two school from junior high school and senior high school. And the questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 175 students of them. Results： a percentage of 66.26 high school students in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture in rural lack physical exercise. The girl at 66. 67% is higher than the boy at 51. 95%. High school students have significant differences in whether taking part in physical exercise or not of different gender（ χ2= 26. 116,P 〈 0. 01）,studying period（ χ2= 17. 317,P 〈 0. 01）,different races（ χ2= 23. 318,P 〈 0. 01）,fathers’ educational level（ χ2= 15. 041,P 〈 0. 05）,mothers’ education level（ χ2= 9. 735,P 〈 0. 05） and the school record（ χ2= 10. 626,P 〈 0. 05）; Taking participation in physical exercise or not as dependent variable（ 1 stands for lack of physical exercise,0 stands for not lack of physical exercise） and twelve kinds of risking behaviors of health as independent variable to take unconditional logistic regression. The result shows that high school students who lack physical exercise have a negative correlation with unhealthy diet（ OR = 1. 655,P 〈 0. 01）,the partial eclipse（ OR = 1. 622,P 〈 0. 01）,suicidal awareness（ OR= 1. 669,P 〈 0. 01）. While it has a positive correlation with drinking（ OR = 1. 383,P 〈 0. 05）. Conclusion：Most high school students in rural of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture lack physical exercise. The behavior of lacking exercise tends to happen on girls. Participation in physical exercise is the protection factor for high school students’ from unhealthy diet,partial eclipse,and suicidal awareness,while drinking is the dangerous factor.