扁桃体和(或)腺样体切除术后儿童免疫功能的变化

Immune function alteration in children after tonsillectomy and(or)adenoidectomy

腺样体（咽扁桃体）和腭扁桃体位于呼吸道及消化道的入口处,它们作为次级淋巴器官,参与黏膜相关淋巴组织的构成,是咽淋巴环的重要组成部分,发挥体液免疫与细胞免疫的双重作用,是宿主抵御食物和空气中的外源性微生物及其他抗原物质的第一道防线〔1-2〕。扁桃体和（或）腺样体切除术是治疗慢性扁桃体炎、OSAHS、扁桃体源性疾病和其他扁桃体疾病的有效措施。由于扁桃体和腺样体参与儿童免疫防御机制,

Tonsillectomy and（or）adenoidectomy are effective procedures for children with chronic tonsillitis,diseases associated with the tonsil and other adenotonsillar diseases,and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome.Since the tonsil and adenoid gland play a dual role in fluid and cell immunity,whether adenotonsillectomy results in the abnormal immune function in children after the surgery has always been the focus of attention.This review focuses on the alterations and impacts on immunity in children after tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy.Recent studies confirmed that in short term the immune index may be slightly reduced after the tonsil and adenoid resection in children,however,the decline has no clinical significance because the remaining mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue can compensate for removal of the tonsils and adenoids.Over time,the immune index tends to be normal.The children＇s postoperative short-term decline in the immune index will gradually recover to the preoperative level or there is no significant difference compared with that in normal children.Therefore,long-term immune function did not decline after tonsil and adenoid resection in children.