一种桥式起重机大车行程阻尼限位安全装置研制

Research and Development on the Safety Device of Limited Displacement Damper of the Distance of Bridge Cranes

桥式起重机由于其起重吨位大、安全防护装置失灵、指挥信号不明确等原因,易导致事故频发、事故种类多变,事故发生率更是起重机械之首,而其中安全装置失效和人员操作失误占据桥式起重机事故原因的主要地位。采用FAT分析法对现有桥式起重机安全装置与新型限位器的故障进行分析,得出两种限位器的优劣性,并针对桥式起重机事故的特点,设计集电气控制、机械控制、人为控制于一体的大车阻尼行程限位安全装置,由自动控制代替人工操作,减小人为因素所占比重。该装置的设计旨在减小由于人员误操作及安全装置失效而导致事故的概率,为起重机安全装置的设计提供一种新的方法。

A bridge crane because of its heavy command signal and so on, all these will lead types. The accidental rate also ranks first in tonnage, failure of safety protection device, unknown to frequent accidents as well as different accident hoisting machinery, among which the failure of safety device and operators＇ error are happen most frequently in bridge crane accidents. In this paper, the FAT analysis method is used to analyze the breakdown of the existing bridge crane safety device and the new limiting device in order to obtain the superiority - inferiority of these two kinds of limiting device. According to the characteristics of bridge crane accidents, the limited displacement damper of the distance of bridge crane with electric control, mechanical control and artificial control is designed, which uses the automatic control instead of artificial operation so as to reduce the proportion accidents of personnel influences. The design of this device aimed to reduce the probability of caused by operators＇ errors and safety device failure, and to provide a new method for the design of crane safety devices.