中国近代国家政权建设与乡村社会:研究的回顾和思考

Research Recall and Thoughts China's Modern National Power Construction and Rural Society

近代以来,伴随着清末的政治改革、辛亥革命以后新制度的建立,大规模的政权建设也在展开,并对乡村社会产生了深远影响。这一问题早就引起学界的关注,先后有费孝通先生的"双轨理论"、傅衣凌的"双重控制"、黄宗智的"三角结构"、杜赞奇的"双重经纪"等理论的提出。就近代中国的特定情况而言,国家政权建设不仅仅是在县以下建构基层政权的问题,更是对乡村社会秩序重新建构的问题,这个过程大致经历了三种路径。总结其中的演变历程和相互关系,将有助于深入了解近代中国转型的特征。

Since modern times,with the establishment of new system after end-of-Qing Dynasty political reform and was carried out,which had great influence on the rural soiety. This question attracted much academic attention. As far as modern China＇s definite situation was concerned,national power establishment was about the basic power beneath the county,more about the rural social order re-establishment. The process had three ways,briefty speaking. By summarizing the developing process and mutual relations,can we get a better understanding of modern China＇s turn.