2012年天津市农村15～69岁居民健康素养水平分析

Analysis of health literacy among residents aged 15-24 years old in Tian Jin in 2012

目的 了解2012年天津市农村居民的健康素养水平,为制定相关健康政策以及有针对性地在农村地区开展健康素养干预提供依据。方法 依据2012年中国居民健康素养监测方案要求,使用按规模大小成比例的概率抽样（PPS）法,在天津抽取8个区作为国家级监测点,其中3个区是农村级监测点。每个区抽取3个街道（乡镇）,共9个街道（乡镇）,每个街道（乡镇）抽取2个居委会（村）,共18个居委会（村）。使用简单随机抽样法在每个居委会（村）内抽取70个家庭户开展调查。每个家庭户采用KISH表抽取1名调查对象。结果 本次共调查882人,男性445人,女性437人,男女性别比为1.01∶1,平均年龄（46.37±13.29）岁,调查对象文化程度以初中为主,占46.32%,民族以汉族为主,占95.24%。天津市农村居民具备健康素养水平是8.53%,基本知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为、基本技能3个方面素养水平分别是17.72%、15.92%和11.93%,不同年龄段农村居民在总的健康素养和基本知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为、基本技能3个方面素养水平均具有统计学意义（χ^2值分别为40.625、41.915、28.299、24.555,P〈0.05）;不同文化程度农村居民在总的健康素养和3个方面健康素养水平差异均具有统计学意义（χ^2值分别为26.053、39.204、24.659、24.548,P〈0.05）。天津市农村居民6类健康问题素养水平由高到低分别是：安全与急救素养48.25%、科学健康观素养31.94%、信息获取20.23%、传染病预防素养17.81%、慢性病预防素养14.07%、基本医疗素养13.03%。结论 天津市农村居民健康素养水平比较低,应大力提高农村居民的文化水平,在中小学开设健康教育课,提高老年人的自我保健技能,开展健康教育,提高农村居民的健康素养水平。

Objective To understand the health literacy level of rural residents in Tianjian, and provide evidence for health policy and health literacy intervention in rural area. Methods According to 2012 Chinese residents＇ health literacy monitoring program, National Project Team used PPS （ Probability Proportionate to Size Sampling） to select eight districts as national monitoring points, three districts as the rural monitoring points. Three streets or township were selected from each district, totally 9 streets （ or townships）. Two communities or villages were selected from each street as sample units, totally 18 communities （or villages）. Using the random sampling to select 70 families from every community, using the KISH lists to select one people to answer the questionnaire from every family. Results There were 882 people surveyed to- tally, male 445 and female 437, male and female ratio was 1.01 ： 1. The average age was （46. 73±13.29） years, the residents whose education level was junior high school were accounting for 46. 32% , the percentage of Han ethnic was accounting for 95.24%. The satisfied health literacy level of Tianjin rural residents was 8.53%. The levels in health concept and knowledge, health lifestyle and behaviors and health related skills were 17.72%, 15.92%, 11.93%. Different age group rural residents had statistical significance difference in the health literacy level and the three health literacy related aspects rates （x^2 =40. 625, 41. 915, 28. 299, 24. 555, P 〈 0.05 ）. Different education level group had statistical significance difference in the health literacy level and the three health literacy related aspects level （ x^2 = 26. 053, 39. 204, 24. 659, 24. 548, P 〈 0.05）. The levels of 6 health issues as safety and first aid and basic medical care, science attitude towards health, access to information, infections diseases prevention, chronic non-communicable diseases prevention, basic medical were 48. 25%, 31.94%, 20. 23%, 17. 81%, 14.07%, 13.03%. Conclusion The health literacy level of rural residents in Tianjin is relatively low, great efforts should be done to improve the cultural level of rural residents, including establishment of health education classes in primary and secondary school, improvement of seff-care skills of the elderly in order to develop health education and enhance rural health literacy level of the residents.