公民参与公共生活的途径和要求探析

Research on the Avenues and Requirements of the Citizen Participation in Public Life

参与公共生活是公民身份的内在之意,从公民身份的历史传统、公民权利的要求以及公民身份的公共性都体现出公民参与公共生活的必然性。公民参与公共生活的现实途径主要包括参与投票、选举等基本政治活动;参与审议、协商等社会治理活动;参与社区公共事务等基层公共生活;在非政府组织(志愿性社团、非营利组织)等社会组织中的参与以及在虚拟公共生活中的参与等。在公民参与公共生活的过程中,对于参与主体、法律法规、制度、组织和社会舆论等层面都存在着一定的条件和要求。在转型期社会的治理变革中,公民参与促进着分散的主体达成多边的合作网络,体现了马克思主义的群众观点,有助于提高社会治理的效率,培育理性、自律的公民精神,促进社会主义治理事业的全面发展。

Citizen Participation in public life is the inner meaning of the citizenship; there is historic necessity for the citizen participation from the historical traditions of the citizenship, the requirements of the civil rights and the publicity of the citizenship. The avenues of the citizen participation consisted of participation in political actions such as votes and elections, participation in social governance activities such as deliberations and consultations, participation in community public affairs and other basic public affairs, participation in the Non-Governmental Organizations（voluntary associations,non-profit organizations） and other social organizations, participation in virtual public life. In the process of citizen participation in public life, there are some conditions and requirements of the participants, laws and regulations, systems, organizations and public opinions. During the transformation of the social governance reform, citizen participation was gradually turning the participants into a multilateral cooperative network, demonstrating Marx’s view of the masses theory, making a contribution to the efficiency of social governance, building the spirits of citizenship about rational and self disciplined, and promoting the comprehensive development of the social governance in our socialistic society.