惩治外国恐怖主义战斗人员的国际与国内刑事立法研究

Punishing FTFs: Developments in International and Domestic Criminal Law

为惩治与预防外国恐怖主义战斗人员,协调成员国之间的立法与执法活动,联合国安理会在2014年相继通过了第2170号和第2178号决议。在理论上,惩治外国恐怖主义战斗人员的刑事立法可采取国际法模式、国内普通法模式与国内特别法模式;在实践中,各国主要是采取后两种模式。同时,各国积极通过限制、取消恐怖分子的出入境证件以及颁布命令限制恐怖分子出境、入境等行政措施,遏制其跨国流动。我国最新刑法立法《刑法修正案(九)》针对外国恐怖主义战斗人员进行了必要而及时的规定。但是,立法机关还有必要以刑事处罚为基础,兼顾行政制裁与社会方法,针对外国恐怖主义战斗人员的招募与流动制定综合性预防政策。

The Ninth Amendment to the Criminal Lawtimely added provisions against foreign terrorist fighters,penalizing such conducts as financing terrorism training,recruiting and transporting terrorist fighters,organizing and actively participating in terrorism training and illegally crossing national frontiers for the purpose to join in terrorism organizations or receive terrorism training. This article holds the idea that special provisions shall be given priority against general ones when they overlap in the case of foreign terrorist fighter to realize the function of criminal of regulating acts. Meanwhile,it suggests that legislatures impose stricter frontier regulation and lawenforcement authorities carrying out effective multi-lateral cooperation to prevent transnational flowof foreign terrorist fighters,especially those try to go to conflict regions in the way of broken-travel.