崇高之美:铸造中国文学新质的起点——以20世纪初梁启超、王国维、鲁迅为中心的观察

Call for the Beauty of the Sublime: As the Start of Creating the New Character of Chinese Literature:Studies around LIANG Qi-chao,WANG Guo-wei and LU Xun in the Early Period of 20th Century

20世纪的第一个十年是中国文学观念由传统向现代转型的发生期。因应救困图存的时代需要和文学自身变革的要求,梁启超、王国维、鲁迅殊途同归,标举"崇高"这一审美理想,以此推动传统审美意识由偏重"优美"向推重"崇高"的转变。三人以对中国固有文学观念和审美意识的批判和反思为起点,以对西方文学所体现的崇高美的认同为归趋。他们对"崇高"的关注点和现实关怀有异:梁启超关注的是文学风格,心系"新民";王国维关注的是审美,心系国民美育;鲁迅关注的是主体品格,心系"立人"。民族主义是三人共同的思想基础,但他们尚存在其他思想意识的差异。三人为铸造中国文学新质所进行的探索具有积极的意义,但其中也存在一定的认识偏颇。

The first decade of the 20 th century was an emergence period where the traditional Chinese literary conception was transformed into modern one. For the sake of saving China from subjugation and ensuring its survival,also meeting the requirements of the literary revolution itself,LIANG Qi-chao,WANG Guo-wei and LU Xun have marked'sublime'as an aesthetic ideal,reached the same goal by different routes,and accordingly,they motivated the transformation of the traditional aesthetic consciousness from emphasizing 'grace'to laying particular stress on 'sublime'.They started with their criticism and introspection towards the inherent literary conceptions and the aesthetic consciousness of China,ended in the identification of sublime beauty which is embodied in western literature. They hold the different point in the focus and reality concern of 'sublime'. LIANG Qi-chao focused on the literary style,caring for 'renewpeople'while WANG Guo-wei concerned with aesthetic,caring for the aesthetic education of the national,and LU Xun paid attention to the subject character,caring for 'the cultivation of personality '. Nationalism is a common ideological basis of them,but there are also other ideological differences among them. The explorations made by the three people have a significant meaning to the creation of newcharacter of Chinese literature,but there is also some biased understanding.