美国军用无人机发展的历史透析

A Historical Analysis on Development of the U.S.Military Unmanned Aerial Vehicle System

美国军用无人机在信息化战争中发挥着重要的作用,其发展规律与管理经验也逐渐引起业界学者的关注。本文研究了美国军用无人机发展的驱动因素,分析其演进路径模型。研究指出:(1)美国军用无人机发展是受创新预见(主要由军事需求因素驱动)、外部动力(包括社会环境和政府决策因素)和内部动力(包括技术水平、文化观念和产业经济因素)综合作用的结果;(2)美国军用无人机是从军事需求导向型经多种因素结合型最终向综合作用发展型演进,综合作用发展型体现了当今美国军用无人机较为完备的发展状态。

The US military unmanned aerial vehicle system has played an important role in the information warfare. Therefore, its deployment, development, and management experience begins to draw scholars＇ attention. This essay mainly focuses on the US military UAS＇s driving factors, and analyzes its path of evolution model. It shows that： （1） the development of the US military UAS is dominated by innovation foresight （military demand）, external driving forces （including social environment and government decision）, and internal motivation （including technological level, economical industry, and culture values）; （2） the evolution path of US military UAS transforms from ＂military demand promotion＂ to ＂multi-factors promotion＂ and finally to ＂complex combined promotion＂. ＂Complex combined promotion＂ model can be viewed as the maturity development for the US military UAS.