论当代汉语积极被动句“获”字句

On Passive Sentences with Positive Meaning in Contemporary Chinese—”Huo”Sentences

积极义被动"获"字句与"被"字句有相同的一面,但是差别明显,主要表现在语义倾向差异、标记词"被"与"获"有虚实之别、用法有差异及文白之别四个方面。在现代汉语阶段,"获"字句的使用经历了一个由多到少,再由少到多的过程,特别是近几年用量持续增加,其原因一是受台港澳影响,二是求新的需要,三是表达严密化、丰富化的需要。当代汉语中,被动句正处于一个持续分化、整合的过程之中,有明显的"被/获/遭"字句三分的趋势,已经出现了三极对立的新格局,这一方面体现了语言向精密化、严密化方向的发展,另一方面也体现了语言用户有意识的选择性。

＂Huo＂ sentences, which possesses a positive meaning, has the same side with ＂Bei＂ sentences. However, theirdifferences are also clear, mainly reflected in fellow four aspects： semantic orientation, the actual situation between markers ＂Bei＂and ＂Huo＂, usage differences and classical differences. In modern Chinese stage, the usage of ＂Huo＂ sentences experienced aprocess from more to less, then from less to more, and increased sharply in recent years, which can be attributed to three reasons：firstly, influenced by Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao; secondly, driven by the demands for innovation; thirdly, met the demandsfor rigorous and rich expressions. In contemporary Chinese, passive sentences have been experiencing a process of continuous sepa-ration and integration, and show a clear tendency of tri-separation among ＂Bei/ Huo/ Zao＂ sentences. A new tripolar opposition lay-out has already been set, which shows our language has been developing into a precious and rigorous direction on one hand, it alsodemonstrates a conscious choice by language users on the other hand.