杜亚泉:在“动静”与“新旧”之间

Du Yaquan: Between “Kinetic-Static”and “New-Old”

坊间流行着把杜亚泉与陈独秀等文化激进主义者断然两分的观点,然而深入的研究将发现,杜亚泉思想中有两条相对独立又互相冲突的线索:强调竞争与互助之辩证运动的普遍进化论和以文化保守主义为取向的东西文明比较论。两者的结合形成了他的东西"动静"二元论:东西方文明分别发展了普遍进化论中两类不同因素,它们的辩证综合将形成一种新文明。将对东西方文明各自价值的论证整合进"旧-新"的现代时间框架内,是杜亚泉文化保守主义思想的显著特征。这说明杜氏与陈独秀等论敌共享着类似的现代观念框架。但在此种整合中,杜亚泉实际上偏离了对普遍进化论中两种对反因素的辩证理解,这是其文化保守主义思想无法在新文化运动的舞台上立足的理论原因。

There is a myth about the East-West Cultural Debate that no common ground exists between Du yaquan as a cultural conservative and Chen Duxiu as a cultural radical. However, further study suggests that there were two independent and conflict- ing clues in Du＇s thought： the universal evolutionism focusing on the dialectic movement between struggle and cooperation and the cultural conservatism-oriented civilization theory. Du＇s kinetic-static dualism of the Western and Eastern civilization can be regarded as the combination of the two clues ： Western and Eastern civilizations have separately yielded two different elements in universal evolution, and they will form a new civilization in a dialectical synthesis way. Du＇s cultural conservatism features in demonstrating the value of Western and Eastern civilizations in a modern linear time （New-Old） framework. This means Du shared a similar modern idea framework with his opponents such as Chen. However, Du＇s thought deviates the dialectical under- standing of two united and opposite elements in the universal evolution. This is the theoretical reason that Du＇s cultural conserva- tism could not find its place in the New Cultural Movement.