山茶属3种植物花药超低温保存研究

Anther cryopreservation of 3 Camellia species

为有效保存山茶属植物的花粉,以茶梅（Camellia sasanqua）、攸县油茶（Camellia yuhsienensis Hu）和多齿红山茶（Camellia polyodonta How）成熟花药为试材,对不同干燥处理的花药进行超低温（液氮,-196℃）保存和水浴解冻的研究。结果表明：不同干燥时间及不同预冻方式对超低温保存后3种山茶属花粉的萌发率有显著影响。茶梅花药经30℃干燥处理4h,含水量为26.92%时,超低温保存后花粉活力最高;攸县油茶花药经30℃干燥处理2～4h,含水量为27.52%～33.71%时,超低温保存后花粉萌发率最高;多齿红山茶花药经30℃干燥处理1～3h,含水量为20.98%～37.95%时,超低温保存效果最佳。3种花药经-26℃预冻处理,超低温保存后花粉萌发率显著高于4℃处理和不预冻处理的对照;超低温保存后38℃（2min）水浴解冻效果最好。3种植物新鲜花药在室温下干燥保存20～40d,花粉活力基本丧失。而经超低温保存半年,3种花药花粉仍具较高的活力,甚至超过保存前的水平。

For effective pollen storage for Camellia germplasm,3 camellia species were studied by anther cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen（ LN） and water bath thawing. The 3 species were C. sasanqua,C. yuhsienensis Hu and C. polyodonta How. Results showed that desiccation duration and pre- chill method had significant effects on pollen germination after cryopreservation. Data indicated that after LN treatment,anthers of C. sasanqua which dried at 30℃ for 4h when anther water content reached 26. 92% had the highest viable pollen. Anthers of C. yuhsienensis Hu which dried at 30℃ for 2- 4h when anther water content reached 27. 52%- 33. 71% had the highest pollen germination rate. Anthers of C. polyodonta How which dried at 30℃ for 1- 3h when anther water content reached 20. 98%- 37. 95% had the highest viable pollen than other drying treatments. Pre- chill at- 26℃（ for1h） could significantly increase the viability of pollen stored in liquid nitrogen. Rapid thawing with 38℃ hot water for 2min was the best method for pollen preservation and recover. Compared to room temperature conservation,fresh pollen of the 3 anthers lost their viability within 20- 40 d,while cryopreserved anthers still kept their higher germination rate after half a year,even which was relatively higher than that of fresh pollen in C. yuhsienensis Hu.