全球变暖引起的物候不匹配及生物的适应机制

Phenology mismatch induced by global warming and the adaptation mechanisms of organisms

全球变暖引起的物候变化已在全球范围内广泛发生,不同物种响应气候变暖的方向和强度存在差异,因此物候变化导致了物种间的物候不匹配。物候不匹配打破了物种间在长期进化中形成的种间关系,导致许多物种的种群数量及分布受到严重影响。本文介绍了物种间捕食、共生、寄生、竞争关系受物候不匹配的影响以及生物的适应机制,提出应从生物的行为调整及微进化机制等方面更深入研究生物对物候不匹配的适应性,还要对物候不匹配所造成的连锁生态效应进行模型预测与评估,从而更深入了解物候不匹配对生态系统的综合生态效应。

Changes in the phenology of organisms induced by global warming can cause mismatches between the phenology of different species. Such mismatches can disturb interspecific relationships,thereby influencing species＇ population size and distribution. In this paper,we introduce the ecological effects of phenological mismatches on interspecific relationships such as predation,symbiosis,parasitism,and competition,as well as the mechanisms by which organisms adapt to phenological change. We suggest that adaptation to phenology mismatch induced by global warming should be studied from the perspective of behavioral adjustments and microevolution,and that comprehensive understanding of the additional ecological effects of phenological mismatches on ecosystems will require extensive monitoring and the use of predictive models.