代谢工程改造酵母生产多不饱和脂肪酸的研究进展

Metabolic engineering of yeast to produce polyunsaturated fatty acids

多不饱和脂肪酸因其在食品和医药领域的广泛作用而得到人们极大的关注,当前利用微生物发酵生产多不饱和脂肪酸具有诸多优点,由于酵母生产迅速且生物量较高,利用酵母生产多不饱和脂肪酸已成为人们关注的热点。本文综述了代谢工程改造酵母生产多不饱和脂肪酸的研究进展,以常规酵母-酿酒酵母和非常规酵母-解脂耶氏酵母为例,介绍了酵母菌中多不饱和脂肪酸的代谢途径、酵母产油脂的生化机制、代谢工程改造酵母产多不饱和脂肪酸以及不饱和脂肪酸积累对酵母耐受性的影响。以后研究工作的重点是进一步加强对酵母生产多不饱和脂肪酸的机理研究,并以此为来指导代谢工程改造酵母生产多不饱和脂肪酸。

Polyunsaturated fatty acids,which play important role in food and medicine and other fields,have gained great attention in recent years. The process for production of polyunsaturated fatty acids by microorganism has its own advantages. Yeast,which has rapid growth and accumulation rate,has become the research spotlight and this work reviews the metabolic engineering of yeast to produce polyunsaturated fatty acids. The biosynthetic pathway of polyunsaturated fatty acids,biochemistry mechanism of lipid accumulation, polyunsaturated fatty acids production through metabolic engineering and the effect of unsaturated fatty acids on yeast tolerance,especially in the model organism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and non-conventional yeast of Yarrowia lipolytica,were addressed. Future research should be focused on exploring the mechanism of polyunsaturated fatty acids production with yeast, which would guide metabolic engineering of yeast to produce polyunsaturated fatty acids.