纳米铁强化复合技术在水污染治理的应用

Application of enhanced composite technologies of nano zero-valent iron in the treatment of water pollution

纳米铁强化复合技术因对难降解污染物具有较高的矿化性能,在近十几年受到广泛关注。本文简要归纳了几种主要纳米铁强化复合技术,包括纳米铁/Fenton技术、纳米铁/电化学技术、纳米铁/二氧化钛光催化技术及纳米铁/生物技术等,指出复合技术优点是可提高试剂使用率、降低反应成本,缺点是其应用于规模以上的废水处理研究还较少。同时回顾了纳米铁强化复合技术降解典型环境污染物(卤代有机物、硝基芳香化合物、染料和硝酸盐等)的最新国内外研究进展,并着重阐述了纳米铁强化复合技术去除污染物的机理、效能。复合技术的实际工程应用效果体现在,对废水中污染物的去除明显提高。改进反应试剂投加方式和开展复合技术应用于低碳卤代烃等难降解污染物的去除研究成为其在水污染治理领域的发展前景,同时要建立降解机制数据库。

Enhanced composite technologies of nano zero-valent iron（NZVI） have received extensive attention due to their satisfactory mineralization for persistent pollutants. This paper summarizes the basic categories of enhanced composite technologies,including NZVI/Fenton technology,NZVI/ electrochemistry technology,NZVI/Ti O_2 photocatalysis technology,and NZVI/biology technology. These composite technologies could improve the utilization of reagents,but researches about field experiments of wastewater treatment are rarely conducted. Meanwhile,the latest researches of the enhanced composite technologies for degradation of typical pollutants（e.g. halogenated organic compounds,nitroaromatic compounds,dyes and nitrate） were reviewed. The degradation mechanism and efficiency for pollutants were mainly presented. Several practical remediation cases showed a remarkable removal of pollutants compared with the sole technology. The prospects of the enhanced composite technologies include improving addition method of the used reagents,and focus on the removal of low carbon halohydrocarbons,build database on degradation mechanism.