小苍兰花瓣主要花色苷组分研究

Main Anthocyanin Profiles in Petals of Freesia hybrida

以6个小苍兰(Freesia hybrida)园艺品种为研究材料,采用英国皇家园艺学会比色卡进行花色描述,利用特征颜色反应确定其色素类型,进而通过UPLC-PAD结合UPLC-Q-TOF-MS技术分析各品种中的花色苷种类及含量。结果表明,6个小苍兰品种可分为白色系、橙—黄色系以及紫—紫红—蓝紫系三大色系。小苍兰6个品种花瓣中均含有黄酮类色素,不含或含极低量类胡萝卜素,除‘上农乳香’以外,其余品种花瓣中均含有花色苷。花瓣中花色苷含量依小苍兰品种不同而各异,5个含花色苷的品种中,‘上农紫玫瑰’花瓣中花色苷含量最高,‘上农橙红’次之。在小苍兰花瓣中,共检测到6种花色苷物质,通过与已有文献比对分析,推定其成分为:飞燕草3,5-二葡萄糖苷、矮牵牛素3,5-二葡萄糖苷、飞燕草3-葡萄糖苷、锦葵素3,5-二葡萄糖苷、牵牛花素3-葡萄糖苷和锦葵素3-葡萄糖苷。‘上农紫雪青’和‘上农宫粉’花瓣中含有3种花色苷,且均含锦葵素类和矮牵牛素类,其中‘上农紫雪青’花瓣中主要成分是锦葵素单糖苷和双糖苷;而‘上农宫粉’花瓣中则均为双糖花色苷,主要成分是矮牵牛素3,5-二葡萄糖苷、锦葵素3,5-二葡萄糖苷和飞燕草3,5-二葡萄糖苷;‘上农紫玫瑰’花瓣中含矮牵牛素3-葡萄糖苷和飞燕草3-葡萄糖苷;而‘上农金皇后’和‘上农橙红’花瓣中仅含一种组分,分别为飞燕草3,5-二葡萄糖苷和锦葵素3,5-二葡萄糖苷。

We analyzed the anthocyanin profiles in 6 cuhivars of freesia（ Freesia hybrida）. The petal color was observed according to the Royal Horticultural Society Color Card （RHSCC）. Petal pigment type was identified by characteristic color reaction. UPLC-PAD and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS were used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of anthocyanins. The flavonoids in petals of all cultivars were detected, while carotenoids were not detected; meanwhile, every cultivar, except for ＇ Shangnong Ruxiang＇ , contained anthocyanins in petals. Among five anthocyanin-contained cultivars, the highest anthocyanin content was observed in ＇ Shangnong Purple Rose＇ , followed by ＇ Shangnong Chenghong＇. Totally 6 anthocyanin components were detected in petals of these cultivars, including Delphinidin 3,5-O-glucoside, Petunidin 3,5-O-glucoside, Delphinidin 3-0- glucoside, Malvidin 3,5-O-glucoside, Petunidin 3-O-glucoside and Malvidin 3-O-glucoside. Three anthocyanin components were detected in petals of ＇ Shangnong Zixueqing＇ and ＇ Shangnong Gonb-fen＇ , of which were bonded with double glucosides, such as Delphinidin 3,5-O-glucoside, Petunidin 3,5-O-glucoside and Malvidin 3,5-O-glucoside, major Petunidin 3-O-glucoside and minor Delphinidin 3-O-glucoside in petals of ＇ Shangnong Purple Rose＇. While only one anthocyanin component was detected in petals of ＇Shangnong Golden Qi,een＇ and ＇ Shangnong Chenghong＇ , which was Delphinidin 3,5-O-glucoside and Malvidin 3,5-O-glucoside, respectively.